Citraka (Plumbago zeylanica): A Potential Rejuvenator
Keywords:
Chitraka, Anticancer, Ayurveda, Rejuvenator, Pharmacological propertyAbstract
Plumbago zeylanica is also known as chitraka, doctor bush, or leadwort. It is the most popular herbal plant that belongs to the family Plumbaginaceae or leadwort. Plumbagin is the most important chemical constituent present in the roots, leaves and stem of the plant that is responsible for various pharmacological actions including anti-malarial, anti-obese, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-cancer. Traditionally it is used to treat variety of diseases such as dysmenorrhea, leprosy, anemia, rheumatic pain, cold, cough, arthritis and many more. It is considered as the most significant herbal plant in the ayurveda medicinal system of India and is widely accepted as a rejuvenator because of the presence of bioactive compounds. Various formulations of chitraka plant have made this plant more effective in the field of medicine. The plant carries various therapeutic properties and acts as a cardiotonic, neuroprotective and cns stimulant. The review aim is to provide data or information related to chitraka plant its usage in traditional and ayurveda medicinal system, its pharmacological properties and toxicity when taken in excessive amount. From the collected data, it is clear that the plant has great potential to cure various diseases and needs more research and development to explore its more pharmacological properties and socio-economic impact.
Downloads
References
Suffness, M., & Douros, J. (1982). Current status of the NCI plant and animal product program. Journal of natural Products, 45(1), 1-14.
Ganesan, K., & Gani, S. (2013). Ethnomedical and Pharmacological Potentials of Plumbago zeylanica LA. American Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Therapeutics, 1(3), 313-337.
Tyagi, R., & Menghani, E. (2014). A Review on Plumbago zeylanica: a compelling herb. Int J Pharma Sci Res, 5, 119-26.
Koka Sweta, S., Mamta, P., Vijay, S., Devshree, G., & Darwhekar, G. N. Formulation and Evaluation of Topical Antifungal Herbal Gels Containing Hydroalcoholic Extract of Catharanthus roseus and Aloe vera.
Chaudhari, S. S., & Chaudhari, G. S. (2015). A review on plumbago zeylanica linn.-A divine medicinal plant. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 30(2), 119-127.
Kishore, N., Mishra, B. B., Tiwari, V. K., & Tripathi, V. (2012). An account of phytochemicals from Plumbago zeylanica (Family: Plumbaginaceae): A natural gift to human being. Chronicles of Young Scientists, 3(3).
Record, P. (2012). Prota 11 (1): Medicinal plants/Plantesmédicinales 1. Record display. Consultado 23/01/2012. http://database. prota. org/PROTAhtmml/Plantago% 20lanceolata.
Abera, B., Negash, L., & Kumlehn, J. (2008). Reproductive biology in the medicinal plant, Plumbago zeylanica L. African Journal of Biotechnology, 7(19).
Aditi, G. (1999). Medicinal plants used in traditional medicine in Jimma zone, South West Ethopia. Pharm. Biol, 37, 321-323.
Vishnukanta, R. A., & Rana, A. C. (2010). Evaluation of anticonvulasant activity of Plumbago zeylanica Linn leaf extract. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 3(1), 76-78.
Lubaina, A. S., Nair, G. M., & Murugan, K. (2011). Shoot multiplication and direct organogenesis of an important medicinal plant Plumbago zeylanica L.(Plumbaginaceae). Journal of Research in Biology, 6, 424-428.
Vineet, M., Sharma, S. K., Deepak, K., Meenu, K., & Kusum, T. (2010). A comparative study of analgesic activity of Plumbago zeylanica Linn. callus and root extracts in experimental mice. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, 1(4), 830-836.
Dalziel, J. M. (1937). The useful plants of west tropical Africa. The useful plants of West Tropical Africa.
Jiangsu, S. (1979). New Medical College, Zhonyao Dictionary (Encyclopedia of Chinese Materia). Scientific and Technological Press, Shanghai, 711-712.
Abebe, D., & Ayehu, A. (1993). Medicinal plants and enigmatic health practices of Northern Ethiopia.
Didry, N., Dubreuil, L., & Pinkas, M. (1994). Activity of anthraquinonic and naphthoquinonic compounds on oral bacteria. Die Pharmazie, 49(9), 681-683.
Lin, L. C., Yang, L. L., & Chou, C. J. (2003). Cytotoxic naphthoquinones and plumbagic acid glucosides from Plumbago zeylanica. Phytochemistry, 62(4), 619-622.
Raman, M. S., Anwar, M. N., & Chowdhury, A. Z. M. S. (1999). Antibacterial activity of secondary metabolites from Holarrhena antidysenterica stem bark. Bangladesh J Microbiol, 16(2), 101-105.
Chiu NY, Chang KH.( 1995) The Illustrated Medicinal Plants of Taiwan, Vol. 2. SMC Publishing Inc., Taipei, Taiwan.; 2:285.
KR K. Basu BD (1987). Indian medicinal plants. Vol. II. Dehradun: International Book Distributors:1429.
Dai, Y., Hou, L. F., Chan, Y. P., Cheng, L., & But, P. P. H. (2004). Inhibition of immediate allergic reactions by ethanol extract from Plumbago zeylanica stems. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 27(3), 429-432.
Kubo, I., Uchida, M., & Klocke, J. A. (1983). An insect ecdysis inhibitor from the African medicinal plant, Plumbago capensis (Plumbaginaceae); a naturally occurring chitin synthetase inhibitor. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, 47(4), 911-913.
Kanchana, N., & Sadiq, A. M. (2011). Hepatoprotective effect of Plumbago zeylanica on paracetamol induced liver toxicity in rats. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci, 3(1), 151-154.
Olagunju, J. A., Jobi, A. A., & Oyedapo, O. O. (1999). An investigation into the biochemical basis of the observed hyperglycaemia in rats treated with ethanol root extract of Plumbago zeylanica. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives, 13(4), 346-348.
Kavimani, S., Ilango, R., Madheswaran, M., Jayakar, B., Gupta, M., & Majumdar, U. K. (1996). Antitumour activity of Pulmbagin against Dalton's Ascitic lymphoma. Indian journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 58(5), 194.
Krishnaswamy, M., & Purushothaman, K. K. (1980). Plumbagin: a study of its anticancer, antibacterial and antifungal properties. Indian journal of experimental biology, 18(8), 876-877.
Vishnukanta, R. A., & Rana, A. C. (2010). Evaluation of anticonvulasant activity of Plumbago zeylanica Linn leaf extract. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 3(1), 76-78.
Unander, D. W., Webster, G. L., & Blumberg, B. S. (1995). Usage and bioassays in Phyllanthus (Euphorbiaceae). IV. Clustering of antiviral uses and other effects. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 45(1), 1-18.
Satyavati, G. V., Raina, M. K., & Sharma, M. (1987). Medicinal plants of India (Vol. 2). Indian Council of Medical Research.
Kulkarni, R., Girish, K. J., & Kumar, A. (2012). Nootropic herbs (Medhya Rasayana) in Ayurveda: an update. Pharmacognosy reviews, 6(12), 147.
Sharma, P. C., Yelne, M. B., Dennis, T. J., Joshi, A., & Billore, K. V. (2000). Database on medicinal plants used in Ayurveda.
Mukesh, S., Kusharaga, N., Shiv, I., Gaurav, K., Gotmi, S., & DK, T. (2011). Ethnomedicinal, traditional and pharmacological aspects of Plumbago zeylanica. Linn. Pharmacologyonline, 3, 684-700.
Dev, S. (2006). selection of prime ayurvedic plant drugs. Anamaya Publishers.
Sastri, B. N. (1950). The Wealth of India. A Dictionary of Indian Raw Materials and Industrial Products. Raw Materials. The Wealth of India. A Dictionary of Indian Raw Materials and Industrial Products. Raw Materials.
Chaudhari, S. S., & Chaudhari, G. S. (2015). A review on plumbago zeylanica linn.-A divine medicinal plant. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 30(2), 119-127.
Vasudeva, N., Yadav, N., & Sharma, S. K. (2012). Natural products: a safest approach for obesity. Chinese journal of integrative medicine, 18(6), 473-480.
Chetty, K. M. (2006). Pharmaceutical studies and therapeutic uses of Plumbago zeylanica L. roots (Chitraka, Chitramulamu). Ethnobotanical Leaflets, 2006(1), 33.
Ming, Y., Wang, J., Yang, J., & Liu, W. (2011). Chemical Constituents of Plumbago Zeylanica L. In Advanced Materials Research (Vol. 308, pp. 1662-1664). Trans Tech Publications Ltd.
Lubaina, A. S., Nair, G. M., & Murugan, K. (2011). Shoot multiplication and direct organogenesis of an important medicinal plant Plumbago zeylanica L.(Plumbaginaceae). Journal of Research in Biology, 6, 424-428.
Kumar, R., Kumar, S., Patra, A., & Jayalakshmi, S. (2009). Hepatoprotective activity of aerial parts of Plumbago zeylanica linn against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Int J Pharmacy Pharmaceut Sci, 1(1), 171-175.
Chetty, K. M. (2006). Pharmaceutical studies and therapeutic uses of Plumbago zeylanica L. roots (Chitraka, Chitramulamu). Ethnobotanical Leaflets, 2006(1), 33.
Ming, Y., Wang, J., Yang, J., & Liu, W. (2011). Chemical Constituents of Plumbago Zeylanica L. In Advanced Materials Research (Vol. 308, pp. 1662-1664). Trans Tech Publications Ltd.
van der Vijver, L. M., & Lötter, A. P. (1971). The constituents in the roots of Plumbago auriculata Lam. and Plumbago zeylanica L. responsible for antibacterial activity. Planta medica, 20(03), 8-13.
Sankaram, A. V., Srinivasarao, A., & Sidhu, G. S. (1976). Chitranone--a new binaphthaquinone from Plumbago zeylanica. Phytochemistry.
Kodithala, K., Hopfinger, A. J., Thompson, E. D., & Robinson, M. K. (2002). Prediction of skin irritation from organic chemicals using membrane-interaction QSAR analysis. Toxicological Sciences, 66(2), 336-346.
Kulkarni, A., Hopfinger, A. J., Osborne, R., Bruner, L. H., & Thompson, E. D. (2001). Prediction of eye irritation from organic chemicals using membrane-interaction QSAR analysis. Toxicological Sciences, 59(2), 335-345.
Zhang, Q. R., Mei, Z. N., Yang, G. Z., & Xiao, Y. X. (2007). Chemical constituents from aerial parts of Plumbago zeylanica Linn. Zhong yao cai= Zhongyaocai= Journal of Chinese medicinal materials, 30(5), 558-560.
Nguyen, A. T., Malonne, H., Duez, P., Vanhaelen-Fastre, R., Vanhaelen, M., & Fontaine, J. (2004). Cytotoxic constituents from Plumbago zeylanica. Fitoterapia, 75(5), 500-504.
Dinda, B., Hajra, A. K., & Das, S. K. (1998). Chemical Constituents of Plumbago indica Roots. ChemInform, 29(48), no-no.
Gunaherath, G. K. B., Gunatilaka, A. L., Sultanbawa, M. U. S., & Balasubramaniam, S. (1983). 1, 2 (3)-Tetrahydro-3, 3′-biplumbagin: A naphthalenone and other constituents from Plumbago zeylanica. Phytochemistry, 22(5), 1245-1247.
Sankaram, A. V., Srinivasarao, A., & Sidhu, G. S. (1976). Chitranone--a new binaphthaquinone from Plumbago zeylanica. Phytochemistry.
Tezuka, M., Takahashi, C., Kuroyanagi, M., Satake, M., Yoshihira, K., & Natori, S. (1973). New naphthoquinones from Diospyros. Phytochemistry, 12(1), 175-183.
Murray, R. D., & Zeghdi, S. (1989). Synthesis of the natural coumarins, murraol (CM-c2), trans-dehydroosthol and swietenocoumarin G. Phytochemistry, 28(1), 227-230.
Ganesan, K., & Gani, S. (2013). Ethnomedical and Pharmacological Potentials of Plumbago zeylanica LA. American Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Therapeutics, 1(3), 313-337.
Nayar, M. N. S., & Bhan, M. K. (1972). Coumarins and other constituents of Hesperethusa crenulata. Phytochemistry, 11(11), 3331-3333.
WU, T., KUOH, C., & FURUKAWA, H. (1983). Acridone Alkaloids. VI. The Contituents of Citrus depressa. Isolation and Structure Elucidation of New Acridone Alkaloids from Citrus genus. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 31(3), 895-900.
Ito, C., MATSUOKA, M., OKA, T., JU-ICHI, M., NIWA, M., OMURA, M., & FURUKAWA, H. (1990). New Binary Coumarins from Citues Plants. Chemical and pharmaceutical bulletin, 38(5), 1230-1232.
Lin, L. C., & Chou, C. J. (2003). Meroterpenes and C-glucosylflavonoids from the aerial parts of Plumbago zeylanica. The Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 55(1), 77-81.
Pant, M., Lal, A., Rana, S., & Rani, A. (2012). Plumbago zeylanica L.: a mini review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Applications, 3(3), 399-405.
Chaudhari, S. S., & Chaudhari, G. S. (2015). A review on plumbago zeylanica linn.-A divine medicinal plant. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 30(2), 119-127.
Vishnukanta, R. A., & Rana, A. C. (2010). Evaluation of anticonvulasant activity of Plumbago zeylanica Linn leaf extract. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 3(1), 76-78.
Chatterjee, A., & Pakrashi, S. C. (2003). Treaties on Indian medicinal plants: national institute of science communication and information resources. New Delhi, India, 3, 146-147.
Dev, S. (2006). selection of prime ayurvedic plant drugs. Anamaya Publishers.
Bhutya, R. K. (2011). Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants of India (Vol. 1) (Vol. 1). Scientific Publishers.
Gogte VM. Ayurvedic Pharmacology and therapeutic uses of Medicinal plants (Dravyagunavignyan), translation by the academic team of Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan’s SPARC. Chaukhambha Publication, New Delhi. 2009:370-2. Prajapati ND, Purohit SS, Sharma AK, Kumar T. A Handbook of Medicinal Plants (Agrobios, Jodhpur).
Olagunju, J. A., Fagbohunka, B. S., Oyedapo, O. O., & Abdul, A. I. A. (2006). Effects of an ethanolic root extract of Plumbago zeylanica Linn. on some serum parameters of the rats. RPMP-Drug Dev. Mol, 11, 268-276.
Chiu NY, Chang KH (1995). The Illustrated Medicinal Plants of Taiwan, Vol. 2. SMC Publishing Inc., Taipei, Taiwan.;2:285.
Sharma, N., & Kaushik, P. (2014). Medicinal, biological and pharmacological aspects of Plumbago zeylanica (Linn.). Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 3(4), 117-120.
Jiangsu, S. (1979). New Medical College, Zhonyao Dictionary (Encyclopedia of Chinese Materia). Scientific and Technological Press, Shanghai, 711-712.
Simonsen, H. T., Nordskjold, J. B., Smitt, U. W., Nyman, U., Palpu, P., Joshi, P., & Varughese, G. (2001). In vitro screening of Indian medicinal plants for antiplasmodial activity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 74(2), 195-204.
Uniyal, M. R., & Joshi, G. C. (1993). Historical view of the basic principles of the identification of controversial drugs, problems and suggestions. Sachitra Ayurved, 45(7), 531-536.
Saraswathy, A. (2001). Adulterants and substitutes in Ayurveda. Sachitra Ayurved, 54(1), 63-66.
Gupta, A. K. (2003). Quality standards of Indian medicinal plants. Volume 1. Quality standards of Indian medicinal plants. Volume 1.
Song, J., Yao, H., Li, Y., Li, X., Lin, Y., Liu, C., ... & Chen, S. (2009). Authentication of the family Polygonaceae in Chinese pharmacopoeia by DNA barcoding technique. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 124(3), 434-439.
Newmaster, S. G., Grguric, M., Shanmughanandhan, D., Ramalingam, S., & Ragupathy, S. (2013). DNA barcoding detects contamination and substitution in North American herbal products. BMC medicine, 11(1), 1-13.
Gilbert, N. (2011). Regulations: Herbal medicine rule book. Nature, 480(7378), S98-S99.
Mitra, S. K., & Kannan, R. (2007). A note on unintentional adulterations in Ayurvedic herbs. Ethnobotanical Leaflets, 2007(1), 3.
Poornima, B. (2010). Adulteration and substitution in herbal drugs a critical analysis. IJRAP, 1(1), 8-12.
Roy, A., Mallick, A., & Kaur, A. (2013). Adulteration and substitution in Indian medicinal plants. IJPRBS, 2, 208-18.
Goswami, A., Barooah, P. K., & Sandhu, J. S. (2002). Prospect of herbal drugs in the age of globalization-Indian scenario. J Scientific Industrial Research, 61(6), 423-431.
Ahmad, I., & Aqil, F. (2007). In vitro efficacy of bioactive extracts of 15 medicinal plants against ESβL-producing multidrug-resistant enteric bacteria. Microbiological Research, 162(3), 264-275.
Devi, C. K., & Krishna, D. G. (2012). Pharmacognostic, phytochemical and biological study of Plumbago zeylanica. International Journal of Natural Products Research, 1(2), 21-23.
Banik, B., Sarkar, P., Sultana, F., Saikia, M., & Dey, A. (2014). In-vitro antimicrobial screening with phytochemical study of Plumbago zeylanica L. collected from two regions of Eastern Himalayas-A comparative study. Int J Phytopharm.
Shweta, S., & Dubey, S. (2015). Antimicrobial activity of leaves extract of Plumbago zeylanica plant against known drugs. IJRSB, 3(6), 1-6.
Zarmouh, M. M., Subramaniyam, K., Viswanathan, S., & Kumar, P. G. (2010). Cause and effect of Plumbago zeylanica root extract on blood glucose and hepatic enzymes in experimental diabetic rats. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 4(24), 2674-2677.
Sunil, C., Duraipandiyan, V., Agastian, P., & Ignacimuthu, S. (2012). Antidiabetic effect of plumbagin isolated from Plumbago zeylanica L. root and its effect on GLUT4 translocation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Food and chemical toxicology, 50(12), 4356-4363.
Sheeja, E., Joshi, S. B., & Jain, D. C. (2010). Bioassay-guided isolation of anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive compound from Plumbago zeylanica leaf. Pharmaceutical biology, 48(4), 381-387.
Dang, G. K., Parekar, R. R., Kamat, S. K., Scindia, A. M., & Rege, N. N. (2011). Antiinflammatory activity of Phyllanthus emblica, Plumbago zeylanica and Cyperus rotundus in acute models of inflammation. Phytotherapy Research, 25(6), 904-908.
Checker, R., Sharma, D., Sandur, S. K., Khanam, S., & Poduval, T. B. (2009). Anti-inflammatory effects of plumbagin are mediated by inhibition of NF-kappaB activation in lymphocytes. International Immunopharmacology, 9(7-8), 949-958.
Arunachalam, K. D., Velmurugan, P., & Raja, R. B. (2010). Anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic effects of extract from Plumbago zeylanica. African journal of microbiology research, 4(12), 1239-1245.
Napalchyal, K. S., Shinde, S., Singh, J. P., & Mishra, D. S. (2013). Clinical evaluation of Chitrakadi Churna combined with the Kshar Vasti in the Management of Amavata (Rheumatoid Arthritis). Journal of Ayurveda, 7(3), 73-80.
Zhao, Y. L., & Lu, D. P. (2006). Effects of plumbagin on the human acute promyelocytic leukemia cells in vitro. Zhongguo shi yan xue ye xue za zhi, 14(2), 208-211.
Hiradeve, S., Danao, K., Kharabe, V., & Mendhe, B. (2010). Evaluation of anticancer activity of Plumbago zeylanica Linn leaf extract. Int J Biomed Res, 1(2), 1-9.
Aditya, V. S., Kumar, N. L., & Mokkapati, A. L. (2013). In vitro anti-cancer activities of few plant extracts against MCF-7 and HT-29 cell lines. Int J Pharma Sci, 3, 185-8.
Li, J., Li, J., Cai, G., Shen, L., & Lu, F. (2017). Proapoptotic and Growth-inhibitory Effects of Plumbagin on Human Gastric Cancer Cells Via Suppression of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 and Protein Kinase B. Alternative Therapies in Health & Medicine, 23(7).
Zarmouh, M. M., Subramaniyam, K., Viswanathan, S., & Kumar, P. G. (2010). Cause and effect of Plumbago zeylanica root extract on blood glucose and hepatic enzymes in experimental diabetic rats. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 4(24), 2674-2677.
Sharma, I. N. D. U., Gusain, D. E. E. P. A. L. I., & Dixit, V. P. (1991). Hypolipidaemic and antiatherosclerotic effects of plumbagin in rabbits. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol, 35(1), 10-14.
Alpana, R. (1996). Effect of Plumbago zeylanica in hyperlipidaemic rabbits and its modification by vitamin E. Indian Journal of pharmacology, 28(3), 161.
Kodati, D. R., Burra, S., & Kumar, G. P. (2011). Evaluation of wound healing activity of methanolic root extract of Plumbago zeylanica L. in wistar albino rats. Asian Journal of Plant Science and Research, 1(2), 26-34.
Jyothi, V. A., & Fathima, B. (2013). Phytochemical evaluation & pharmacological screening of wound healing & antioxidant activity of Plumbago zeylanica. International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 5(3), 5879-5891.
Honnegowda, T. M., Kumar, P., Udupa, E. P., Sharan, A., Singh, R., Prasad, H. K., & Rao, P. (2015). Effects of limited access dressing in chronic wounds: A biochemical and histological study. Indian journal of plastic surgery: official publication of the Association of Plastic Surgeons of India, 48(1), 22.
Maniafu, B. M., Wilber, L., Ndiege, I. O., Wanjala, C. C., & Akenga, T. A. (2009). Larvicidal activity of extracts from three Plumbago spp against Anopheles gambiae. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 104(6), 813-817.
Falang, K. D., Uguru, M. O., Wannang, N. N., Azi, H. H., & Chiamaka, N. (2012). Anti-ulcer activity of Plumbago Zeylanica Linn. root extract. J Nat Prod Plant Resour, 2(5), 563-567.
Roy, A., & Bharadvaja, N. (2017). A review on pharmaceutically important medical plant: Plumbago zeylanica. Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine, 3(4), 225-228.
Mehmood, Z., Ahmad, I., Mohammad, F., & Ahmad, S. (1999). Indian medicinal plants: a potential source for anticandidal drugs. Pharmaceutical Biology, 37(3), 237-242.
Abdul, K. M., & Ramchender, R. P. (1995). Modulatory effect of plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1, 4-naphthoquinone) on macrophage functions in BALB/c mice. I. Potentiation of macrophage bactericidal activity. Immunopharmacology, 30(3), 231-236.
Jain, P., Sharma, H. P., Basri, F., Baraik, B., Kumari, S., & Pathak, C. (2014). Pharmacological profiles of ethno-medicinal plant: Plumbago zeylanica l.-A review. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res, 24(1), 157-63.
Kotecha, M., & Rao, K. S. (2007). Clinical evaluation of haridra & chitrak in the management of medoroga (obesity). Journal of ayurveda, 1, 226-28.
Gebre-Mariam, T., Neubert, R., Schmidt, P. C., Wutzler, P., & Schmidtke, M. (2006). Antiviral activities of some Ethiopian medicinal plants used for the treatment of dermatological disorders. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 104(1-2), 182-187.
Gogte VM. Ayurvedic Pharmacology and therapeutic uses of Medicinal plants (Dravyagunavignyan), (2009) translation by the academic team of Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan’s SPARC. Chaukhambha Publication, New Delhi.:370-2.
AK, A. C., KC, S., & AK, A. K. (1982). Antifertility activity of Plumbago zeylanica Linn. root.
Edwin, S., Joshi, S. B., & Jain, D. C. (2009). Antifertility activity of leaves of Plumbago zeylanica Linn. in female albino rats. The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care, 14(3), 233-239.
Dai, Y., Hou, L. F., Chan, Y. P., Cheng, L., & But, P. P. H. (2004). Inhibition of immediate allergic reactions by ethanol extract from Plumbago zeylanica stems. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 27(3), 429-432.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
editor@ijrasb.com 