Effect of Heavy Metal Toxicity on Environment & Health
Keywords:
Heavy metals, human exposure, toxicity, organ harm, genotoxicity, carcinogensAbstract
Heavy metals are naturally occurring elements having a high atomic weight and a density higher than five times that of water. Because of their diverse industrial, household, agricultural, medicinal, and technological applications, they are widely dispersed in the environment, generating concerns about their possible impacts on human health and the environment. A variety of factors influence the toxicity of these substances, including the dosage, route of exposure, chemical species, and the age, gender, genetics, and nutritional state of those exposed. Because of their extreme toxicity, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, and mercury are among the priority metals of public health concern. These metallic elements are considered systemic toxicants that can affect various organs even at low levels of exposure. They are also classified as human carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The prevalence, manufacturing, and use of these chemicals in the environment, as well as the potential for human exposure and molecular mechanisms of toxicity, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity, are all investigated in this study.
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