Calcium and Phosphorus Supplementation Ameliorate Growth Performance and Bone Quality of Broilers Chicken in Grower Stage
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31033/ijrasb.9.3.11Keywords:
Calcium, Phosphorus, BroilersAbstract
Worldwide calcium & phosphorus are the predominant components of broiler feed supplements in their diets and caused rickets & osteomalacia due to above minerals deficiencies.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of Calcium and Phosphorus supplementation on growth performance and bone quality of broiler chicken in grower stage. A total of 80 one-day old broilers were raised for under ambient conditions for 40 consecutive days. There were 4 groups, contain 20 chicks per group, each group consist of 4 replicates of 5 chicks. Broilers were fed with 0% of calcium & phosphorus (Control), 1% of calcium & phosphorus (low dose), 2% of calcium & phosphorus (medium dose) and 3% of calcium & phosphorus (high dose) fed for 40 consecutive days. Data were analyzed using a completely randomized design. The results revealed that low dose treated group was significantly reduced body weight gain, lameness, rickets of bone, meat production and quality of bone was affected and feed consumption was at low rate. While medium dose slightly reduced body weight gains and quality of bone was good compared to low dose. Interestingly, high dose supplemented fed group gained higher body weight, good quality of bone, higher meat productions and consumed more feed compared to low and medium doses. Our findings demonstrate that, restriction in dietary calcium & phosphorus supplementation decreased body weight gain, rickets, imbalance, reduced products and impaired bone mineralization and strength with affecting growth performance.
Downloads
References
Berndt, T., L. F. Thomas, T. A. Craig, S. Sommer, X. Li, E. J. Bergstralh and R. Kumar (2007). "Evidence for a signaling axis by which intestinal phosphate rapidly modulates renal phosphate reabsorption." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104(26): 11085-11090.
Council, N. R. (1930). "Nutrient Requirements of Poultry: 1984."
Dias, R., S. López, R. Patiño, T. Silva, J. Silva Filho, D. Vitti, M. Peçanha, E. Kebreab and J. France (2013). "Calcium and phosphorus utilization in growing sheep supplemented with dicalcium phosphate." The Journal of Agricultural Science 151(3): 424-433.
Driver, J., G. Pesti, R. Bakalli and H. Edwards Jr (2005). "Calcium requirements of the modern broiler chicken as influenced by dietary protein and age." Poultry Science 84(10): 1629-1639.
Driver, J. P. (2004). Performance and bone quality of the modern broiler chicken as influenced by dietary calcium, phosphorus, phytase and 1-alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol, University of Georgia.
Edwards Jr, H. (2000). "Nutrition and skeletal problems in poultry." Poultry Science 79(7): 1018-1023.
Edwards Jr, H. M. and J. R. Veltmann Jr (1983). "The role of calcium and phosphorus in the etiology of tibial dyschondroplasia in young chicks." The Journal of nutrition 113(8): 1568-1575.
Fleming, R. H. (2008). "Nutritional factors affecting poultry bone health: Symposium on ‘Diet and bone health’." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 67(2): 177-183.
Gautier, A. E. (2016). "Effects of dietary calcium to non-phytate phosphorus ratio and phytase supplementation on growth performance, digestibility, and bone characteristics of broiler chickens."
Hamdard, E., Z. Lv, J. Jiang, Q. Wei, Z. Shi, R. M. Malyar, D. Yu and F. Shi (2019). "Responsiveness expressions of bitter taste receptors against denatonium benzoate and genistein in the heart, spleen, lung, kidney, and bursa Fabricius of Chinese fast yellow chicken." Animals 9(8): 532.
Hamdard, E., Z. Shi, Z. Lv, A. Zahir, Q. Wei, M. M. Rahmani and F. Shi (2019). "Denatonium Benzoate-Induces Oxidative Stress in the Heart and Kidney of Chinese Fast Yellow Chickens by Regulating Apoptosis, Autophagy, Antioxidative Activities and Bitter Taste Receptor Gene Expressions." Animals 9(9): 701.
Hamdard, E., A. Zahir, B. Karwand, Z. Shi and F. Shi (1925). "Bitter Taste in Chicken and its Implication on Nutrition." Homo 7902: T1R1.
Havenstein, G., P. Ferket, S. Scheideler and B. Larson (1994). "Growth, livability, and feed conversion of 1957 vs 1991 broilers when fed “typical” 1957 and 1991 broiler diets." Poultry science 73(12): 1785-1794.
Hulan, H., F. Proudfoot and D. Nash (1984). "The effects of different dietary fat sources on general performance and carcass fatty acid composition of broiler chickens." Poultry Science 63(2): 324-332.
Hurwitz, S., I. Plavnik, A. Shapiro, E. Wax, H. Talpaz and A. Bar (1995). "Calcium metabolism and requirements of chickens are affected by growth." The Journal of nutrition 125(10): 2679-2686.
Ibitoye, E., B. Olorede, A. Jimoh and H. Abubakar (2012). "Comparative performance and organ relative weight of broiler chickens fed three sources of energy diet." J. Anim. Prod 2(5): 233-238.
Liem, A. (2009). Dietary factors influencing calcium and phosphorus utilization by broiler chicks, University of Georgia Athens.
Matuszewski, A., M. Łukasiewicz and J. Niemiec (2020). "Calcium and phosphorus and their nanoparticle forms in poultry nutrition." World's Poultry Science Journal 76(2): 328-345.
Moraes, M., A. Ribeiro, E. Santin and K. Klasing (2016). "Effects of conjugated linoleic acid and lutein on the growth performance and immune response of broiler chickens." Poultry Science 95(2): 237-246.
Proszkowiec-Weglarz, M. and R. Angel (2013). "Calcium and phosphorus metabolism in broilers: Effect of homeostatic mechanism on calcium and phosphorus digestibility." Journal of Applied Poultry Research 22(3): 609-627.
Sharpley, A. (1999). "Environment and health-symposium: reducing the environmental impact of poultry production: focus on phosphorus-agricultural phosphorus, water quality, and poultry production: are they compatible?" Poultry Science 78(5): 660-673.
Shastak, Y., M. Witzig, K. Hartung and M. Rodehutscord (2012). "Comparison of retention and prececal digestibility measurements in evaluating mineral phosphorus sources in broilers." Poultry science 91(9): 2201-2209.
SULLIVAN, T. W. (1994). "Skeletal problems in poultry: estimated annual cost and descriptions." Poultry Science 73(6): 879-882.
Thorp, B. and D. Waddington (1997). "Relationships between the bone pathologies, ash and mineral content of long bones in 35-day-old broiler chickens." Research in Veterinary Science 62(1): 67-73.
Van Kernebeek, H. R., S. J. Oosting, M. K. Van Ittersum, P. Bikker and I. J. De Boer (2016). "Saving land to feed a growing population: consequences for consumption of crop and livestock products." The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 21(5): 677-687.
Veum, T. (2010). "Phosphorus and calcium nutrition and metabolism." Phosphorus and calcium utilization and requirements in farm animals: 94-111.
Wardlaw, G. and M. Kessel (2002). "The fat-soluble vitamins." Perspectives in nutrition New York, USA: McGraw-Hill Higher Education: 322-363.
Wiliams, C., J. Barker and J. Sims (1999). "Management and utilization of poultry wastes." Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology: 105-157.
Williams, B., D. Waddington, S. Solomon and C. Farquharson (2000). "Dietary effects on bone quality and turnover, and Ca and P metabolism in chickens." Research in Veterinary Science 69(1): 81-87.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 International Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
editor@ijrasb.com 