Detection of Genetic Relationship and Genetic Variation of the Four Species of Real Flies Using Molecular Markers
Keywords:
Genetic Relationship, Genetic Variation, Real Flies, Molecular MarkersAbstract
Objective: To uncover the genetic relationship and the genetic variation of four types of true flies, which are as follows: Musca domestica, Chrisomya megacephala, Sarcophaga africa Tabanus regulars, using RAPD-PCR markers.
Methods of work: Samples were collected from Tarmiyah district in Baghdad governorate using traps. The species of flies were diagnosed at the Research Center and Museum of Natural History at the University of Baghdad. The species were preserved using 70% ethanol alcohol, the DNA extraction process was carried out, the purity and concentration of the DNA was measured and adjusted using a nano drop device, then the RAPD- PCR reactions were performed using (17) primers and the results were migrated to the acarose gel and the packages were photographed using a digital camera, after which the statistical analysis was performed. Her and the results are saved.
Results: The results of the RAPD markers showed different types of bands, and the total loci identified by the primers on the samples genome were (151) loci, of which (11) are general loci and (140) are differentiated loci. A locus, while the two primers produced (P5, P7), the lowest number of loci reached (6) loci. The total number of produced bands was (276) (a band of which (231) polymorphic bands and (44) monomorphic bands. as for the general variation ratio of the produced primers, it was 84%. The study showed the presence of distinctive bands, the total of the distinctive bands was (85), and of which (67) were unique bands and (18) were absent. (12) bands As for the absent bands, the house fly was distinguished by the lowest number of absent bands (3) band, while the horse fly got the highest number of absent band, reaching (6) bands. From the results of the interactions of the genetic distance, the values of the genetic distance ranged between (0.652 - 0.975), where the least genetic distance was between the meat fly and the horse fly, as it reached (0.652). This indicates that these two types are the most similar among the studied species, and it was the highest genetic distance between It is between the metal fly and the horse fly with a genetic distance (0.975), which indicates that they are more different within the studied species.
Conclusion: There is a close degree of affinity between the four types of flies, even though they belong to families, so molecular markers can be used in classifying insects, especially flies, accurately and determining their genetic fingerprint instead of adopting the phenotypic features in the classification because molecular markers are fixed traits and do not change with changing conditions.
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